Fig. 1From: Adaptive wave-particle decomposition in UGKWP method for high-speed flow simulationsDiagram to illustrate the composition of the particles during time evolution in the UGKP method. (a) Initial field, (b) classification of the collisionless particles (white circles) and collisional particles (solid circles) according to the free transport time \(t_f\), (c) update solution at the macroscopic level, and (d) update solution at the microscopic levelBack to article page