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Table 5 Average aerodynamic coefficient and power coefficient under different aspect ratio

From: Aerodynamics and dynamic stability of micro-air-vehicle with four flapping wings in hovering flight

λ

With or Without Clap-and-fling effect

L

D

P

η

1

Without

6.145

10.843

10.489

1.452

With

5.952

12.841

10.596

1.371

3

Without

2.044

2.727

2.624

1.114

With

2.435

3.882

3.253

1.168

5

Without

1.939

2.119

2.631

1.026

With

2.080

2.753

2.936

1.022