High frequency AC electric glow discharge visualization technology and application in big diameter hypersonic low-density wind tunnel

Advances in Aerodynamics

Table 1 Review of electric glow discharge applications in rarefied flows

Country	Institute / Wind tunnel / Nozzle exit diameter	Visualization Photo
Russia	Central Research Institute of Machine Building [10]
	U-16 Low Density Wind Tunnel
	0.25 m (Core diameter)
USA	Ames Research Center [11]
	Ames 3.5-Foot Hypersonic Wind Tunnel
	9 mm
	The Ohio State University [12]
	1.5 cm radius Prex tube
	1.5 cm
Japan	Fukuyama University [13, 14]
	Ma10 Hypersonic gun tunnel
	~ 0.2 m
	National Defense Academy [15, 16]
	NDA Hypersonic gun tunnel
	0.18 m
India	Indian Institute of Science [17, 18]
	HST1/2 hypersonic shock tunnel
	0.3 m
France	The French National Center for Scientific Research [19]
	Hypersonic rarefied adjustable Mach Wind tunnel
	0.255 m
China	China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics [20]
	FD-20 impulse tunnel
	0.38 m
	China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center [21]
	Φ0.3 m Hypersonic Low Density Wind Tunnel
	0.3 m