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Table 1 The splashing thresholds proposed in previous studies

From: Characteristics of secondary droplets produced by the impact of drops onto a smooth surface

Authors

Year

Splashing criterion

Surface properties

Stow and Hadfield [18]

1981

WeRe1/2

HE30 aluminium alloy, hydrophilic

Mundo et al. [19]

1995

OhRe5/4

Stainless steel, hydrophilic

Vander Wal et al. [20]

2006

Ca1/2

Aluminum, hydrophilic

Palacios et al. [21]

2013

(26.2Re0.43 + 9.96 × 106Re-1.65)/We

Glass, hydrophilic

Stevens et al. [22]

2014

Re-1.1We1.5

Glass, hydrophilic

Riboux and Gordillo [17]

2014

OhgWe5/6(low Oh),

OhgOhRe5/4(high Oh)

Glass, hydrophilic

Almohammadi and Amirfazli [23]

2019

Ca − K2Re-3/2 < K1, Ca < K3

(K1, K2, and K3 are constant parameters)

Glass, PMMA, Teflon, hydriphilic to hydrophobic

Burzynski et al. [24]

2020

K1 < Oh, WeRe-1/4 > K2

(K1 and K2 are dimensionless empirical constants)

Glass, hydrophilic